{"id":393,"date":"2010-09-01T16:21:23","date_gmt":"2010-09-01T16:21:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inmsol.com\/"},"modified":"2013-05-21T12:54:08","modified_gmt":"2013-05-21T12:54:08","slug":"histoire-de-lalhambra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inmsol.com\/fr\/blog-fr-fr\/histoire-de-lalhambra\/","title":{"rendered":"Histoire de l’Alhambra"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

L’Alhambra, ainsi appel\u00e9e d\u00fb aux murs rouges (\u00abqa’lat al-Hamra’\u00bb veut dire Ch\u00e2teau Rouge), est situ\u00e9e en haut de la colline d’al-Sabika, dans la marge gauche de la rivi\u00e8re Darro, \u00e0 l’est de la ville, en face des quartiers de l’Albaic\u00edn et de l’Alcazaba.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sa position strat\u00e9gique, d’o\u00f9 l’on domine toute la ville et la vega (pleine fertile) de Grenade, nous emm\u00e8ne \u00e0 penser qu’il y existait des constructions ant\u00e9rieures \u00e0 l’arriv\u00e9e des musulmans. Son ensemble, compl\u00e8tement entour\u00e9 de murailles, a une forme irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et limite au nord avec la vall\u00e9e de la rivi\u00e8re Darro, au sud avec la vall\u00e9e de l’al-Sabika et \u00e0 l’est avec la rue Cuesta del Rey Chico, qui s\u00e9pare l’Albaic\u00edn et le Generalife, situ\u00e9 sur la colline du Soleil.<\/p>\n

Les premiers documents qui font r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l’Alhambra datent du IXe si\u00e8cle, lorsqu’en 889 Sawwar ben Hamdun dut chercher refuge dans l’Alcazaba et la r\u00e9parer \u00e0 cause des luttes civiles qui frappaient \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque le califat cordouan, auquel Grenade appartenait. Plus tard, cette enceinte commen\u00e7a \u00e0 devenir plus ample et \u00e0 se peupler, bien qu’elle n’\u00e9tait pas encore d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e jusqu’au maximum qui allait \u00eatre atteint ult\u00e9rieurement parce que, pour le moment, les rois Zirides \u00e9tablirent leur r\u00e9sidence \u00e0 l’emplacement de l’Albaic\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 l’incorporation de l’Alhambra \u00e0 l’enceinte entour\u00e9e de murailles de la ville dans le XIe si\u00e8cle, ce qui transforma l’Alhambra en forteresse militaire d’o\u00f9 l’on dominait toute la ville, la r\u00e9sidence royale ne fut pas \u00e9tablie \u00e0 l’Alhambra qu’au XIIIe si\u00e8cle, avec l’arriv\u00e9e du premier rois Nasride, Mohammed ben Al-Hamar (Mohammed I, 1238-1273). Ce fait a marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but de la p\u00e9riode de la plus grande splendeur de l’Alhambra.<\/p>\n

D’abord l’ancienne partie de l’Alcazaba fut renforc\u00e9e et la Tour du Guet (Torre de la Vela) et le Donjon (Torre del Homenaje) furent construits, l’eau de la rivi\u00e8re Darro fut canalis\u00e9e, des entrep\u00f4ts et des r\u00e9servoirs furent construits et la construction du palais et de l’enceinte fortifi\u00e9e fut commenc\u00e9e. Le palais et l’enceinte fortifi\u00e9e furent continu\u00e9s par Mohammed II (1273-1302) et Mohammed III (1302-1309), qui est aussi l’auteur des bains publics et de la Mosqu\u00e9e sur laquelle l’\u00e9glise de Sainte Marie fut construite.<\/p>\n

Yusuf I (1333-1353) et Mohammed V (1353-1391) impuls\u00e8rent la plupart des constructions de l’Alhambra qui ont surv\u00e9cu jusqu’\u00e0 nos jours. Ceci inclut la r\u00e9novation de l’Alcazaba et les palais, l’agrandissement de l’enceinte fortifi\u00e9e, la Porte de la Justice (Puerta de la Justicia), l’agrandissement et la d\u00e9coration des tours, la construction des Bains (Ba\u00f1os) et la Salle de Comares (Cuarto de Comares), la Salle de la Barque (Sala de la Barca), la Cour des Lions (Patio de los Leones) et les d\u00e9pendances annexes. Pratiquement rien n’est conserv\u00e9 des rois Nasrides ult\u00e9rieurs.<\/p>\n

Entre l’\u00e9poque des Rois Catholiques et nos jours les modifications les plus importantes sont les suivantes : la d\u00e9molition d’une partie de l’ensemble architectural par Charles Quint pour construire son palais, la construction des Chambres de l’Empereur (Habitaciones del Emperador) et le Boudoir de la Reine (Peinador de la Reina) et l’abandon de la conservation de l’Alhambra \u00e0 partir du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. Pendant la domination fran\u00e7aise une partie de la forteresse fut d\u00e9truite par des explosifs et les travaux de r\u00e9paration, restauration et conservation qui sont maintenus actuellement n’ont pas commenc\u00e9 jusqu’au XIXe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 L’Alhambra, ainsi appel\u00e9e d\u00fb aux murs rouges (\u00abqa’lat al-Hamra’\u00bb veut dire Ch\u00e2teau Rouge), est situ\u00e9e en haut de la colline d’al-Sabika, dans la marge gauche de la rivi\u00e8re Darro, \u00e0 l’est de la ville, en face des quartiers de l’Albaic\u00edn et de l’Alcazaba….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog-fr-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHistoire de l'Alhambra | chateau rouge, forterese, Arabe, nazaries | INMSOL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Histoire de l'Alhambra.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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