{"id":419,"date":"2010-09-28T17:04:34","date_gmt":"2010-09-28T17:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inmsol.com\/"},"modified":"2013-05-21T12:51:51","modified_gmt":"2013-05-21T12:51:51","slug":"le-franquisme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inmsol.com\/fr\/blog-fr-fr\/le-franquisme\/","title":{"rendered":"Le franquisme"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les termes d’Espagne franquiste ou de franquisme d\u00e9signent de mani\u00e8re informelle le r\u00e9gime politique espagnol fond\u00e9 par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Francisco Franco, qui exista entre 1939, date de la fin de la guerre civile espagnole, et 1977, date de la dissolution des institutions franquistes durant le processus de la Transition d\u00e9mocratique espagnole.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime qui prend forme \u00e0 partir du 1er octobre 1936 n’est pas une id\u00e9ologie politique en soi mais un ensemble de valeurs conservatrices et nationalistes bas\u00e9es sur l’autoritarisme et \u00e9tabli par les forces victorieuses de la guerre civile, rassembl\u00e9es autour de la figure patriarcale de Franco.<\/p>\n

\tLes principales caract\u00e9ristiques de cette dictature \u00e9volueront en plusieurs \u00e9tapes durant les 37 ann\u00e9es de r\u00e9gime. Au franquisme triomphant de 1939, qui se nourrit des vertus martiales et des mythes imp\u00e9rialistes, succ\u00e8dera une \u00e9tape moraliste et pieuse qui fait du pr\u00eatre le h\u00e9ros espagnol par excellence. Puis, les imp\u00e9ratifs diplomatiques mettront un terme \u00e0 l’autarcie \u00e9conomique et inscriront le d\u00e9veloppement capitaliste \u00e0 l’ordre du jour. Enfin, apr\u00e8s quelques vell\u00e9it\u00e9s d’ouverture dans les ann\u00e9es 1960, les ann\u00e9es soixante-dix virent le r\u00e9gime se crisper pour se terminer finalement dans la r\u00e9pression.
\n\tLe r\u00e9gime \u00e9volue entre 1939 et 1975. Ce r\u00e9gime dictatorial fut d’abord tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pressif afin d\u2019asseoir la mise en place du pouvoir. Franco concentre tous les pouvoirs jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa mort tout en amenant progressivement l\u2019Espagne vers une politique \u00e9conomique plus lib\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n

\tLe caudillo pratique l\u2019immobilisme politique fond\u00e9 sur l\u2019arbitrage par lui-m\u00eame des diff\u00e9rents courants d\u2019id\u00e9es. De l’int\u00e9rieur, cet immobilisme s’est manifest\u00e9 dans la famille (on ne pouvait pas divorcer une fois mari\u00e9), dans l’espace public (interdiction de r\u00e9union et de regroupements pour raison d’\u00c9tat) et dans l’\u00e9conomie (le syst\u00e8me mis en place ne permettait pas le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de bilan d\u2019une entreprise). La fin du r\u00e9gime franquiste engendra la fin des valeurs qui lui \u00e9taient associ\u00e9es et l’exub\u00e9rance espagnole repris le dessus.<\/p>\n

\tLa soci\u00e9t\u00e9 espagnole subit une mutation \u00e9conomique favorable en presque 40 ans. L\u2019agriculture se modernise et une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle et urbaine supplante la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 rurale du pays. Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique cr\u00e9e ainsi de nouveaux p\u00f4les industriels en plus du Pays basque et de la Catalogne : Madrid, Saragosse, Valence. La revendication autonomiste a disparu en devenant plus politique et culturelle. Les syst\u00e8mes de valeurs ont \u00e9volu\u00e9. Dans ce contexte l’Espagne offre un environnement touristique consid\u00e9rable, Il y a \u00e9volution au niveau sociologique et de nouveaux droits \u00e9thiques sont l\u00e9gif\u00e9r\u00e9s, comme le droit au divorce, \u00e0 la contraception, \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 sexuelle.
\n\tL’apr\u00e8s-franquisme a encore \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par le putsch rat\u00e9 du colonel Tejero le 23 f\u00e9vrier 1981 aux Cortes.
\n\tDans les ann\u00e9es qui suivirent, les gouvernements espagnols ne remettront pas en cause le syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique adopt\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es soixante qui avaient valu des taux de croissance annuels de 8% mais ils supprimeront les structures et l\u00e9gislations archa\u00efques de l’\u00e9poque franquiste.<\/p>\n

Source<\/a>
\n\t\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Les termes d’Espagne franquiste ou de franquisme d\u00e9signent de mani\u00e8re informelle le r\u00e9gime politique espagnol fond\u00e9 par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Francisco Franco, qui exista entre 1939, date de la fin de la guerre civile espagnole, et 1977, date de la dissolution des institutions franquistes durant…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog-fr-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe franquisme | guerre civil 1936, 1939, nationalistes, republicains, Franco | INMSOL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le franquisme\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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